Which of the following is considered a deposit in a real estate transaction?

In a real estate transaction, a deposit serves as a financial assurance that the buyer is serious about purchasing the property. This deposit is typically made in the form of money or other valuable consideration, which acts as a pledge to fulfill the obligations outlined in the purchase agreement. It demonstrates the buyer's commitment to the transaction and often helps to secure the seller's confidence in the deal.

The other options listed do not represent a deposit. A signed contract of sale formalizes the agreement between buyer and seller but does not itself constitute a deposit. A real estate listing agreement involves the seller's consent to engage a real estate agent for marketing their property, and while important, it is not a financial pledge related to a specific transaction. A mortgage application, while essential in the financing process, does not serve as a deposit to the seller in a real estate deal.